An optimization technique is presented for use in planning and designing looped water distribution systems. The technique is iterative, employing linear programming and a gradient procedure; and it produces a locally optimal solution. A demonstration using data for the New York City water supply system, shows a potential cost saving of 13 percent for the solution obtained using the new method, in comparison to the best design developed in an earlier study.
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Quindry et al. (1981) studied this question.