Key result
Maximal flow velocities were significantly greater through the tricuspid (51 cm/sec) than the mitral (47 cm/sec; p<0.05) valve regions in normal human fetuses.
Why the study?
What are the normal cardiac Doppler flow velocities and volume flows in human fetuses?
Observational (n=18)
What are the normal cardiac Doppler flow velocities and volume flows in human fetuses?
Absolute Event Rate: 51% vs 47%
p-value: p=<0.05
Doppler echocardiography demonstrates that right heart flow velocities and volume flows are greater than left heart flows in normal human fetuses.
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Establishes normative fetal right > left heart flows; supports Doppler references but leaves open validation across gestations and populations.
Reed et al. (1986) conducted an observational in Normal human fetuses (n=18). Cardiac Doppler flow velocity measurement was evaluated on Maximal flow velocities through the tricuspid and mitral valve regions (p=<0.05). Maximal flow velocities were significantly greater through the tricuspid (51 cm/sec) than the mitral (47 cm/sec; p<0.05) valve regions in normal human fetuses.
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