Application of Dynamic Phasor Modeling in Power Systems: A Review

Accurate modeling of renewable energy and energy storage resources is important to ensure the reliable operation of high renewable penetration electric grids. Most of these resources use power electronic converters (PECs) as interfaces to the grid. Renewable energy sources with PECs have faster dynamics than those of traditional power plants. Conventional electromagnetic Transient (EMT) models can accurately model grid and PEC dynamics, but are computationally expensive to assess larger systems. Root mean square (RMS) models require fewer computational resources at the cost of accuracy. Among numerous modeling techniques, Dynamic Phasors (DP) have the potential to provide accurate models of converter-dominated power systems, including microgrids, with great computational speed gains. DP modeling has been applied to numerous power system components for over a decade. However, this contribution remains scattered across diverse applications, strategies, assumptions, and extensions, making it difficult to assess their practical scope, limitations, and comparative benefits. This paper provides a review of state-of-the-art applications of DP modeling in power systems and converter-dominated grids from the literature over the past 10 years. The aim is to consolidate the understanding of different DP modeling methodologies, including time-varying frequency formulations, emerging variants such as dual reference dynamic phasors, their applications, and limitations. The application covers a wide range of power system components. This paper also highlights quantitative results from the literature to present the computational benefits of dynamic phasors. Finally, the DP model has been identified as a promising and rapidly evolving technique that requires further research to enhance its performance and benefits.