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A single Ru(II) polypyridyl carbene complex catalyzes the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in water with added bicarbonate to give syngas H2+CO mixtures at the cathode and water oxidation to O2 at the anode. The H2/CO ratio in the syngas product can be adjusted between 4 : 1 and 1 : 2 by varying the applied potential and solution pH with overall electrolysis energy efficiencies near 50%.
Kang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.