Why the study?
Cardiorenal syndrome involves complex bi-directional pathophysiological mechanisms, driving the need for precise, easy-to-use biomarkers to aid diagnosis, risk, and prognosis.
A multi-marker approach incorporating novel and classic biomarkers may enhance the clinical evaluation and prognostic stratification of patients with cardiorenal syndrome.
May support multi-marker panels for cardiorenal syndrome evaluation; leaves open the need for prospective trials to confirm utility.
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a multi-organ disease characterized by the complex interaction between heart and kidney during acute or chronic injury. The pathogenesis of CRS involves metabolic, hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and inflammatory mechanisms, and atherosclerotic degeneration. In the process of better understanding the bi-directional pathophysiological aspects of CRS, the need to find precise and easy-to-use markers has also evolved. Based on the new pathophysiological standpoints and an overall vision of the CRS, the literature on renal, cardiac, metabolic, oxidative, and vascular circulating biomarkers was evaluated. Though the effectiveness of different extensively applied biomarkers remains controversial, evidence for several indicators, particularly when combined, has increased in recent years. From new aspects of classic biomarkers to microRNAs, this review aimed at a 360-degree analysis of the pathways that balance the kidney and the heart physiologies. In this delicate system, different markers and their combination can shed light on the diagnosis, risk, and prognosis of CRS.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Gembillo et al. (2021) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 4 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: