Comparative sustainable development in sub‐Saharan Africa

Motivated by sustainable development challenges in sub‐Saharan Africa, this study assesses the comparative persistence of environmental unsustainability in a sample of 44 countries in the subregion for the period 2000–2012. The empirical evidence is based on Generalized Method of Moments. Of the six hypotheses tested, it is not feasible to assess the hypothesis on resource‐wealth because of issues in the degrees of freedom. For the remaining hypotheses, the following findings are established. (i) Hypothesis 1 postulating that middle‐income countries have a lower level of persistence in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions is valid for CO 2 per‐capita emissions, CO 2 emissions from electricity and heat production and CO 2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption. (ii) Hypothesis 2 that countries on the edge of French civil law is valid for CO 2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption and CO 2 intensity, but not for CO 2 per‐capita emissions. (iii) Hypothesis 3 on the postulation that politically unstable countries reflect more persistence is valid for CO 2 per‐capita emissions. (iv) Hypothesis 5 on the propensity for landlocked countries to be associated with more persistence in CO 2 emissions is valid for CO 2 per‐capita emissions but not for CO 2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption. (v) Hypothesis 6 maintaining that Christianity‐dominated countries are more environmentally friendly with regard to CO 2 emissions is valid for CO 2 per‐capita emissions but not for CO 2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption and CO 2 intensity. Implications for policy and theory are discussed.