Analyzing the use of digital and physical anatomical teaching models in anatomy training

This article presents a novel comparison of digital and physical anatomical models in undergraduate anatomy education, examining their isolated and combined impacts on student engagement, motivation, cognitive load, and satisfaction. It is the first to emphasize the additive benefits of integrating both tools, highlighting how their complementary features enhance accessibility, spatial understanding, and attention to learning. The findings advocate a hybrid approach, tailored to diverse learning preferences, as a transformative strategy in anatomy education.