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A ZnO/thin CdS/CuInSe/sub 2/ (CIS) cell and a 10.5 W, 938 cm/sup 2/ 55-cell CIS module with a 11.2% aperture area efficiency are reported. Other devices include 10% efficient ZnO/thin ZnSe/CIS and 7.3% efficient ZnO/thin CdS/CuInS/sub 2/ cells. A four-terminal 15.6% efficient semitransparent thin-film silicon:hydrogen alloy (TFS)/CIS tandem cell and a 12.3% aperture area efficient TFS/CIS module are also demonstrated. Insight into the factors affecting their performance is provided by modeling and analysis of modules and test structures.>
Mitchell et al. (1988) studied this question.