Core level energies of free metal atoms have been determined experimentally by means of photo-electron and Auger electron spectroscopy and are compared with theoretical and estimated "free atom" values. Theoretical values agree with our experimental energies within 1 eV whereas the estimated "free atom" values deviate from them by as much as 8 eV. The occurrence of strong correlation effects in the Auger spectra of the alkali-earth atoms is demonstrated at the 3 d -Auger spectrum of Sr and 4 d -Auger spectrum of Ba. The super Coster-Kronig and Coster-Kronig transitions of free Zn atoms have been measured. From a quantitative analysis of these spectra, the level widths Γ(3 p 3/2 ) = Γ(3 p 1/2 ) have been determined and are compared with experimental solid state values and with theoretical ones.
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Mehlhorn et al. (1977) studied this question.