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This paper examines the notion that many of the problems evidenced by poor readers are related to their passive response to the interactive task of reading. An integrative review of research in metacognition, attribution theory, and other related fields supports this notion by emphasizing the roles that appropriate goal-directed intentionality and active participation play in effective reading. Implications for reading instruction are examined and areas in need of research are identified.
Johnston et al. (Sun,) studied this question.