Regional hypothalamic resting state connectivity with limbic structures: An ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation

Figures

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  Fig. 1.. (A) Seed-based resting-state connectivity assesses the covariation strength between the signal extracted from a “seed” region (green sphere) and all other voxels in the brain. Signal covariations can be either correlated (hot colour bar) or anti-correlated (cool colour bar). (B) The six hypothalamic “seed” regions used for the connectivity analysis. The locations and sizes of each of the seed are shown overlaid onto a series of coronal mean T1-weighted anatomical slices (upper row), and mean functional magnetic resonance imaging slices (lower row). Slice locations are indicated to the top right of each image in Montreal Neurological Institute space. For abbreviations, see table.

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  Fig. 2.. Resting connectivity between six hypothalamic seed regions and the orbital/polar frontal and inferior frontal cortical regions (n = 150). Areas of significant positive (hot colour scale) and negative (cool colour scale) connectivity overlaid onto a series of axial mean T1-weighted anatomical images. Slice locations in Montreal Neurological Institute Space are indicated at the top right of each slice. Red outlines indicating region of interest masked applied for the analysis. (A) Orbital and polar frontal region. (B) Inferior frontal region. For abbreviations, see table.

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  Fig. 3.. Resting connectivity between six hypothalamic seed regions and the medial prefrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical regions (n = 150). Areas of significant positive (hot colour scale) and negative (cool colour scale) connectivity overlaid onto a series of axial mean T1-weighted anatomical images. Slice locations in Montreal Neurological Institute Space are indicated at the top right of each slice. Red outlines indicating region of interest masked applied for the analysis. (A) Medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). (B) dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC). For abbreviations, see table.

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  Fig. 4.. Resting connectivity between six hypothalamic seed regions and the cingulate and insular cortices (n = 150). Areas of significant positive (hot colour scale) and negative (cool colour scale) connectivity overlaid onto a series of sagittal and axial mean T1-weighted anatomical images. Slice locations in Montreal Neurological Institute Space are indicated at the top right of each slice. Red outlines indicating region of interest masked applied for the analysis. (A) Cingulate cortex. (B) Insula. For abbreviations, see table.

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  Fig. 5.. Resting connectivity between six hypothalamic seed regions and the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and thalamus (n = 150). Areas of significant positive (hot colour scale) and negative (cool colour scale) connectivity overlaid onto a series of coronal and axial mean T1-weighted anatomical images. Slice locations in Montreal Neurological Institute Space are indicated at the top right of each slice. Red outlines indicating region of interest masked applied for the analysis. (A) Amygdala. (B) Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. (C) Thalamus. For abbreviations, see table.

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  Fig. 6.. Summary of the six hypothalamic seed resting connectivity patterns. Connectivity between each hypothalamic seed and target region of interest masked on the outer circle and specific subregions in the inner circle. Direction of connectivity described by the colour of the line used from seed to target area. ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; BNST, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; dl, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; inf., inferior; OPF, orbital and polar frontal; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex. For abbreviations, see table.