Activated Ha-Ras but Not TPA Induces Transcription through Binding Sites for Activating Transcription Factor 3/Jun and a Novel Nuclear Factor

We report the identification of a 20-base pair sequence mediating induced transcription in response to an activated Ha-ras gene and epidermal growth factor (EGF) but not 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate stimulation. This signal-specific nuclear target is present in the long terminal repeat of a mouse VL30 retrotransposon expressed in epidermis. Functional studies and in vitro binding analyses using cultured keratinocytes (Balb/MK) reveal that the response element is composed of two cooperating sequence motifs in juxtaposed position, both of which are targets for induced binding activity 1-2 h after EGF stimulation. Of many different activating transcription factor/cAMP-responsive element binding protein/activating protein 1 factors tested, one part of the sequence selectively binds endogenous proteins immunologically related to activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and Jun isotypes. The other sequence is a target for a nuclear factor showing binding specificity unrelated to factors known to mediate EGF- or ras-induced transcription as determined by its sequence specificity and by antibody experiments. This component has been characterized and partially purified by gel filtration chromatography and velocity centrifugation revealing a Stokes radius of 43.6 Å and a sedimentation coefficient of 9.7 S in solution. Based on these parameters, a molecular mass of 178,000 Da was calculated. The results indicate that the specific binding of ATF3/Jun and a previously uncharacterized factor account for signal-specific transcription in response to EGF or an activated Ha-ras gene in a cell type in which the cooperative action of an activated Ha-ras gene and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate cause tumor growth. We report the identification of a 20-base pair sequence mediating induced transcription in response to an activated Ha-ras gene and epidermal growth factor (EGF) but not 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate stimulation. This signal-specific nuclear target is present in the long terminal repeat of a mouse VL30 retrotransposon expressed in epidermis. Functional studies and in vitro binding analyses using cultured keratinocytes (Balb/MK) reveal that the response element is composed of two cooperating sequence motifs in juxtaposed position, both of which are targets for induced binding activity 1-2 h after EGF stimulation. Of many different activating transcription factor/cAMP-responsive element binding protein/activating protein 1 factors tested, one part of the sequence selectively binds endogenous proteins immunologically related to activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and Jun isotypes. The other sequence is a target for a nuclear factor showing binding specificity unrelated to factors known to mediate EGF- or ras-induced transcription as determined by its sequence specificity and by antibody experiments. This component has been characterized and partially purified by gel filtration chromatography and velocity centrifugation revealing a Stokes radius of 43.6 Å and a sedimentation coefficient of 9.7 S in solution. Based on these parameters, a molecular mass of 178,000 Da was calculated. The results indicate that the specific binding of ATF3/Jun and a previously uncharacterized factor account for signal-specific transcription in response to EGF or an activated Ha-ras gene in a cell type in which the cooperative action of an activated Ha-ras gene and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate cause tumor growth.