Six very closely related species of the Drosophila grimshawi subgroup on the islands of Maui, Molokai, Lanai, and Hawaii show polymorphism in chromosome 4. In four of these species, it has been shown that very similar but not identical chromosome inversions have occurred and have been perpetuated independently as polymorphisms within the different species. These appear to be cases of parallel evolution at the microevolutionary level. A possible model for their mode of origin has been advanced.
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Hampton L. Carson (1969) studied this question.
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