A Review of the Effects of Algal Blooms on Shellfish and Aquaculture

Abstract Toxic algal blooms occur worldwide and in some areas they are a common and seasonal occurrence. Historically, attention has been focused on blooms of toxic dinoflagellates (e.g., Protogonyaulax tamarensis ). More recently, attention has been turned to other species (e.g., Dinophysis, Aureococcus, Gymnodininum ). These blooms often present problems with respect to optimal utilization of the shellfish resources, and the magnitude of economic losses can be catastrophic. Nevertheless, successful culture facilities and commercial harvests persist in areas prone to toxic algal blooms. This paper reviews the literature available on occurrences of toxic algal blooms, discusses the means by which harvesters, managers, and industry cope with the problems associated with toxic algal blooms, and makes recommendations for the most efficient and successful utilization of resources in the face of environmental instability.