Study on the use of black phosphorus quantum dots in the treatment of atherosclerosis

Figures

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  Figure 1. Schematic representation of BPQDs treating atherosclerosis in mice. (A) Schematic diagram of changes in bacterial flora of atherosclerotic mice before and after BPQDs treatment. (B) Schematic diagram of atherosclerotic plaques before and after BPQDs treatment. (C) Schematic diagram of changes in cell phenotype of macrophages before and after BPQDs treatment. (D) Schematic diagram of changes in foam cells before and after BPQDs treatment. (HFD: high-fat diet, NS: normal saline, BPQDs: black scale quantum dots, MPEG-NH 2: aminopolyethylene glycol, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, IL-6: interleukin-6, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-10: interleukin-10, TGF-β: transforming growth factor β, Arg1: type 1 arginase).

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  Figure 2. (A) Comparison of hydrated diameters of BPQDs after filtration in black, while pegylated BPQDs in red. (B) Zeta potential comparison of BPQDs before and after PEG2000 modification. The black solid curve represents the zeta potential distribution before modification, and the red solid curve represents the zeta potential distribution after modification. (C) 2D BPQDs tend to self-stack by π-π stacking before hydrophilic chain PEG2000 modification. (D) Pegylated BPQDs no longer agglomerated, and the stability of the emulsion was enhanced, which tended to be free to disperse.

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  Figure 3. (A) Viabilities of RAW264.7 macrophages and MAECs after treatment with gradient concentrations of BPQDs. (B) Pathological sections of the heart, liver and kidney.

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  Figure 4. (A) ROS fluorescence intensity observed by confocal. (B) Flow cytometry of fluorescence-labeled cell counts.

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  Figure 5. (A) Fluorescence intensity of CD80 and CD206 in macrophages observed by confocal. (B) Flow cytometry of macrophages expressing CD80 and CD206. (C) Western blot of P65.

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  Figure 6. (A) Oil red O staining of macrophages/foam cells. (B) Fluorescence intensity of ox-LDL observed by confocal. (C) Western blot of CD36 and LC3 II / I.

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  Figure 7. (A) Ultrasonography of the aortic plaque (blue arrow) before and after treatment. AA: Aortic arch, IA: Innominate artery, LCCA: Left common carotid artery, LSA: Left subclavian artery. (B) Comparison of photoacoustic microscopy images of abdominal aorta in mice after treatment. (Before: before the injection of vasodilator, After: after the injection of vasodilator, the green area between the blue bands indicates the internal diameter of the abdominal aorta, the red curve shows the change of the internal diameter of the abdominal aorta over time, and the corresponding ordinate is the internal diameter of the abdominal aorta).

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  Figure 8. (A) Comparison and quantification of oil red O staining photos of aorta of mice after BPQDs treatment. (B) Comparison of electron microscopic photographs of aorta of mice treated with BPQDs. (Blue arrow: lipid droplet, green arrow: autophagosome).