What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to assess how well ESL textbooks incorporate expressions of doubt and certainty based on their use in natural language.

Doubt and Certainty in ESL Textbooks

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Evaluates ESL textbooks based on the frequency of epistemic devices for expressing doubt and certainty.

The aim is to assess how well ESL textbooks incorporate expressions of doubt and certainty based on their use in natural language.
Analyzed a variety of lexical items that express doubt and certainty in written and spoken corpuses.
Examined the frequency and range of these items in naturally occurring speech and writing.
Evaluated selected well-known ESL textbooks against the collected data.
Provided frequency data on various lexical items that express doubt and certainty.
Demonstrated inadequacies in the representation of epistemic devices in some well-known ESL textbooks.

Janet Holmes (1988) studied this question.

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