An integral battery charger for four-wheel drive electric vehicle

In this study, an integral battery charger is proposed, which fully uses the hardware of the four-wheel drive electric vehicle. It has no extra component except a mechanical transfer switch. The inverters and the traction motors for the propulsion of the vehicle are transformed to a battery charger. It is verified by a prototype experiment that the charger can be operated at unity power factor and can match any kind of charging mode, such as constant voltage or constant current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>