Key result
Among 100 centenarians, females had a significantly higher mean left ventricular ejection fraction than males (58.4% vs 51.6%, p=0.01), as well as smaller chamber sizes and higher filling pressures.
Why the study?
Centenarians represent an under-studied population within cardiovascular medicine, prompting this study to describe their echocardiographic characteristics.
Cross-Sectional (n=100)
No
Absolute Event Rate: 58.4% vs 51.6%
p-value: p=0.01
In centenarians, cardiac structure and function are generally preserved with concentric remodeling or hypertrophy being common, and females exhibit smaller chambers, higher ejection fractions, and higher filling pressures compared to males.
Sex differences in centenarian LV function should not change practice; hypothesis-generating for sex-specific longevity research.
BACKGROUND: Centenarians represent an under-studied population within cardiovascular medicine. This study aimed to describe the echocardiographic characteristics of a cohort of centenarians at a tertiary referral center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional Echocardiography database was retrospectively reviewed and identified 100 consecutive centenarians referred for transthoracic echocardiography between January 2009 and December 2020. Cardiac chamber quantification, diastology, and valvular heart disease were assessed according to the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. Independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests compared data between males and females. RESULTS: The mean age was 101.5 ± 1.7 years, 78% were female, and the most common co-morbidities were hypertension (77%), coronary artery disease (46%), and congestive heart failure (42%). The mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction measured 56.9 ± 11.3% (females vs males, 58.4 ± 9.8 vs 51.6 ± 14.6%, p = 0.01). Males had larger LV end-diastolic (2.8 ± 0.6 vs 2.5 ± 0.5, p = 0.03) and end-systolic diameter (1.9 ± 0.6 vs 1.6 ± 0.4, p = 0.001) indices; a smaller relative wall thickness (0.54 ± 0.18 vs 0.69 ± 0.36, p = 0.06); and a lower E/e' ratio (13.3 [10.3-19.6] vs 17.3 [13.2-23], p = 0.05), when compared with females. The prevalence of severe valvular lesions was 13.5%, and similar between genders. However, in patients with aortic stenosis, the transaortic pressure gradients were significantly higher in females (mean gradient: 32.0 ± 17.7 vs 18.7 ± 9.2 mmHg, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The present study on centenarians affords a cross-sectional evaluation of cardiac structure and function in a growing population, and highlights important differences between male and female patients.
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Pérez et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular disease (Centenarians) (n=100). Female sex vs. Male sex was evaluated on Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) (p=0.01). Among 100 centenarians, females had a significantly higher mean left ventricular ejection fraction than males (58.4% vs 51.6%, p=0.01), as well as smaller chamber sizes and higher filling pressures.
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