Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke Should Be Admitted to Hospital

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), like other vasculardiseases, whether acute limb ischemia or acute coro-nary syndromes, are high-risk, unstable conditions. TIA heralds a relatively high risk of stroke, variably esti-mated to range between 10 % and 20 % in the ensuing 90 days.1–4 This has been known for several decades.5–8 What is new are reports that show that at least half of the risk of early stroke accrues in the first 2 days after TIA. Necessarily then, any protective strategy needs to be implemented rapidly. It is surprising that for a condition as common and serious as TIA, there remains so much variability in acute manage-ment. Whereas in some institutions, TIA patients are admitted routinely, in other jurisdictions, TIA patients are frequently discharged from the emergency department with suboptimal management, and many discharged TIA patients are unlikely to obtain adequate evaluation or treatment on an outpatient basis within 30 days.4 What Are the Potential Benefits of Hospitalization? Although the value of inpatient stroke units is well estab-lished, little is known about the value of acute observation and investigation units for patients with TIA or minor stroke. Some potential benefits of a short-stay hospital admission include: (1) expedited diagnostic evaluation; (2) monitoring of fluctuating patients with ready access to thrombolysis if they deteriorate; (3) facilitation of early carotid revascularization; and (4) greater opportunity for risk factor modification.9