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The societal move to focus on patient healthcare outcomes as a measure of provider performance is discussed. Recent steps taken by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations to include outcome criteria as part of its accreditation process represent one such example. Pharmacists must define and defend their role in patients' pharmacotherapy in terms of patient outcomes. Collective actions needed by pharmacists are recommended.
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Hatoum et al. (1991) studied this question.
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