Dysregulation of helper, regulatory, and follicular CD4+ T cells in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: Immunopathology and implications for targeted immunomodulatory therapy

June 1, 2026Autoimmunity ReviewsOpen Access

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Key Points

This research aims to explore the dysregulation of CD4+ T cells in primary antiphospholipid syndrome and its implications for therapy.
Examined T cell responses and T-B cell interactions.
Identified potential targets for immunomodulatory strategies to enhance treatment effects.
Evaluated the relationship between T cell dysregulation and antiphospholipid syndrome pathology.
Revealed altered helper, regulatory, and follicular CD4+ T cell profiles in patients.
Highlighted the potential of T-B cell crosstalk as a therapeutic target.
Indicated that mechanism-based immunomodulatory strategies could complement existing therapies.

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Immunopathology demonstrates the role of CD4+ T cells and their crosstalk, suggesting new treatment approaches.

T cell responses and T-B cell crosstalk as promising targets for mechanism-based immunomodulatory strategies to complement anticoagulation.

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Gaspar et al. (2026) studied this question.

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