Recurrent Pelvic Lipoblastoma With Sciatic Nerve Compression in an Infant: A Case Report

Lipoblastoma is an uncommon benign tumor derived from embryonal adipose tissue and is most commonly diagnosed in children under three years of age. Pelvic localization is uncommon and may lead to compressive complications depending on tumor size and extension. We report the case of a 17-month-old male infant presenting with a left pelvic lipoblastoma with gluteal extension. The clinical history was marked by progressive limping evolving over six months. Clinical examination revealed a pelvic mass associated with neurological impairment of the left lower limb. MRI demonstrated a large fatty tumor with extra-pelvic extension and compression of the sciatic nerve. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of lipoblastoma. Complete surgical excision was performed. The postoperative course was marked by local recurrence five months later, requiring a second surgical excision, with no further recurrence during follow-up. Pelvic lipoblastoma is a rare entity that may present with neurological complications related to mass effect. MRI plays a central role in preoperative evaluation and postoperative surveillance, whereas histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis. Complete surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment.