Perioperative Immunonutrition in Patients Undergoing Cancer Surgery

HYPOTHESIS: Perioperative administration of a supplemented enteral formula may reduce the rate of postoperative infections. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING: Department of surgery at a university hospital. PATIENTS: Two hundred six patients with neoplasm of colorectum, stomach, or pancreas. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to drink 1 L/d of either a control enteral formula (n = 104) or the same formula enriched with arginine, RNA, and omega3 fatty acids (n = 102) for 7 consecutive days before surgery. The 2 diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Jejunal infusion with the same formulas was started 6 hours after operation and continued until postoperative day 7. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate of postoperative infectious complications and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable for age, sex, weight loss, Karnofsky scale score, nutritional status, hemoglobin level, duration of surgery, blood loss, and rate of homologous transfusion. Intent-to-treat analysis showed a 14% (14/102) infectious complication rate in the supplemented group vs 30% (31/104) in the control group (P = .009). In the eligible population, the postoperative infection rate was 11% (9/85) in the supplemented group vs. 24% (21/86) in the control group (P = .02). The mean +/- SD length of postoperative stay was 11.1+/-4.4 days in the supplemented group and 12.9+/-4.6 in the control group (P = .01). CONCLUSION: Perioperative administration of a supplemented enteral formula significantly reduced postoperative infections and length of stay in patients undergoing surgery for cancer.