Liposomes in oral delivery: mechanisms, advances, challenges, and future perspectives

, Lipicur, and silymarin liposomes. This is followed by a comprehensive overview of the biological barriers for liposome absorption. The report further reviews current understanding the mechanisms for liposomes to cross the GI track and enter the bloodstream, including cellular uptake, transepithelial transport, and lymphatic transport. Formulation strategies to improve absorption such as lipid composition, surface modification techniques such as PEGylation and chitosan are discussed. Understanding these properties is essential for enhancing transepithelial transport efficiency and designing effective oral liposome delivery systems. Finally, the recent development in manufacturing scalability is also covered. Owing to their favorable properties, oral liposome delivery systems remain an active area for innovations in expanding their applications. It is anticipated that demand for oral liposomal drug‑delivery systems will continue to grow, driven by the rising prevalence of chronic diseases that require long‑term therapeutic management.