Spontaneous resolution of vitreomacular traction following deep scuba diving: a case report

Background Vitreomacular traction is characterized by incomplete posterior vitreous detachment, wherein persistent adherence of the vitreous to the macula results in tractional distortion and associated visual symptoms. Although spontaneous resolution of vitreomacular traction may occur, surgical intervention is typically pursued when significant visual impairment occurs. The mechanism by which spontaneous release of vitreomacular traction is unclear, as there are numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the eye. This case highlights the potential effects of sudden changes in barometric pressure on vitreoretinal dynamics. Case presentation We report a unique case of a Caucasian 65-year-old patient who was found to have vitreomacular traction in the left eye associated with progressive blurry vision. The patient’s vitreomacular traction unexpectedly resolved following a deep scuba dive to 60 m. The patient experienced an acute onset of floaters followed by a marked improvement in visual acuity. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography confirmed complete resolution of vitreomacular traction without residual traction or macular damage. Although the effects of barometric pressure changes are well documented in postoperative vitrectomy patients with intraocular gas tamponade, little is known regarding their impact on untreated vitreomacular traction. Conclusions This case demonstrates a temporal association between extreme pressure fluctuations during deep diving and spontaneous release of vitreomacular traction. Further investigation into the effects of environmental barometric pressure on vitreomacular traction is warranted.