A Review of the Activity Regulation of Au and Pt Bimetallic Nanozymes and Their Application in Food Safety Analysis

Food safety problems caused by pesticide residues, heavy metals, foodborne pathogens, mycotoxins and other hazards seriously threaten public health. Traditional detection methods have the limitations of cumbersome operation, high cost and poor stability, which make it difficult to meet the needs of rapid and sensitive detection on site. As a new material, nanozymes have the advantages of high stability, low cost and high catalytic activity, showing great application potential in food safety analysis. Among them, gold–platinum (AuPt) bimetallic nanozymes have attracted much attention due to their synergistic catalytic effect, good biocompatibility and modifiability. In this paper, the synthesis methods of AuPt bimetallic nanozymes were systematically reviewed, including chemical reduction, sol–gel, microemulsion, electrochemical deposition, and so on. The control effect of AuPt bimetallic nanozymes on catalytic activity was discussed from the aspects of composition, morphology, structure, external environment and composites with other nanomaterials. The research progress of AuPt bimetallic nanozymes in the detection of pesticide and veterinary drug residues, heavy metal ions, mycotoxins, foodborne pathogens, food additives and food freshness was introduced. Finally, the challenges and future development of AuPt bimetallic nanozymes in food safety analysis were prospected, aiming to provide theoretical reference and design ideas for the construction of a high-performance food safety rapid detection platform.