Dynamic Analysis of the Cutting Head of a Transverse-Axis Roadheader

This study develops a theoretical framework for evaluating the dynamic response and energy performance of the EBH260 transverse-axis roadheader cutting head under horizontal swing cutting conditions. Multi-directional loads on a single pick are synthesized to predict three-directional cutting-head loads, torque, and power demand. A dynamic stability evaluation approach based on coefficients of variation is proposed, and cutting slot depth is identified as a key process parameter influencing cutting efficiency and specific energy consumption. Results indicate that the cutting slot depth strongly affects load distribution and energy consumption, with specific energy peaking around 610 mm and decreasing in the 650–750 mm range, reflecting improved multi-pick coordination. Rotational speed and horizontal feed speed exhibit a coupled effect on specific energy consumption, with speed increases from 30 to 55 r/min reducing energy by 15–25%, and feed speed increases from 1000 to 2500 mm/min increasing energy by 20–35%. Under the representative preferred condition (d = 700 mm, n = 50 r/min, v = 1400 mm/min), the average total power is 126.44 kW and specific energy consumption is 2.90 kW·h/m3, consistent with the rated power of the EBH260 cutting system. The framework provides a theoretical reference for operational parameter selection, while full-scale experimental validation is required to assess the effects of rock heterogeneity, pick wear, and field-scale dynamics.