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This article examines the socio-political and spiritual context in Turkestan, highlighting the impact of Jadidism and colonialism.
This article examines the socio-political and spiritual situation in Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th century, its historical context, the Enlightenment movement, Jadidism, and the spiritual foundations of the liberation struggle against colonialism
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Abdimurodov et al. (2026) studied this question.
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