Hydromorphological Modeling of Nile River Secondary Channels for Restoration Planning

Hydromorphological modeling is essential for understanding river behavior and guiding restoration, especially in complex systems like the Nile River. This study assessed secondary channels, flow diversity, aquatic habitats, and sediment transport. Many secondary channels have degraded due to reduced flow, sedimentation, and human interventions such as embankments and land use changes. This study used numerical modeling, geomorphological analysis, and geospatial tools, along with historical maps and digital elevation models to simulate water surface profiles and assess channel behavior under different flow scenarios. Preliminary results showed channels disconnected or seasonally inactive, limiting ecological function. Model outputs highlighted restoration areas needing minimal intervention. Analysis focused on two secondary channels: Khor Al‐Qanawiya and Khor Al‐Kaiman. For Al‐Qanawiya, dredging the bed only to an elevation of 62.5 m (Scenario 1) and both the Khor and its upstream area (Scenario 2) increased flow ratio by 3%–3.5%. Khor Al‐Kaiman has two Khors; thus, three scenarios were developed. Scenario 1 (S 1 ) represents the main Khor only. Scenario 2 (S 2 ) includes S 1 and the second Khor, which has been divided into three sections along the Khors (1–3). Scenario 3 (S 3 ) includes S 1 , S 2 , and their upstream area. These scenarios resulted in a 2%–15% increase in a flow ratio. These findings identify optimal restoration scenarios supporting restoration zone prioritization. Reactivating secondary channels can improve connectivity, ecological conditions, and river health. Recommended interventions include clearing blockages, modifying structures, and integrating restoration into broader water management strategies. Results provide evidence‐based restoration guidance supporting Egypt's water policy objectives, like improved ecosystems, reduced water losses, and enhanced socioeconomic benefits via recreation.