Outcome and efficacy expectancy in the prediction of post‐treatment drinking behaviour

A recent controversy in research on self-efficacy theory has been directed at the role of outcome and efficacy expectancies in the prediction of behaviour. While Bandura maintains that outcome expectancies add little information to prediction beyond that explained by efficacy expectations, others disagree. The present study explored the efficacy-outcome expectancy relationship in a population of alcoholic clients as they moved through a traditional treatment program and were contacted following a three-month aftercare period. Results indicated that outcome expectancies (defined as the costs and benefits expected to result from a change in drinking) did not predict consumption at follow-up. However, self-efficacy (defined as confidence in being able to resist the urge to drink heavily) assessed at intake of treatment, was strongly associated with the level of consumption on drinking occasions at follow-up. These findings are discussed in relation to the relevance of self-efficacy theory to research and treatment of alcoholic patients.