High prevalence of fragmented QRS on electrocardiography in Japanese patients with diabetes irrespective of metabolic syndrome

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  Figure 1. Prevalence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) among the following groups: (a) with diabetes (DM+) with metabolic syndrome (MetS+), DM+ without Mets (MetS−), without diabetes‐ (DM−) MetS+ and DM− without MetS (MetS−). The table below the graph indicates the corresponding MetS component factors for each group. MetS was defined using Japanese Society of Internal Medicine (JIM) criteria. High blood pressure meeting JIM MetS criteria was diagnosed if systolic blood pressure was ≥130 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg or the health questionnaire indicated current antihypertensive medications. Dyslipidemia meeting the JIM MetS criteria was diagnosed if TG was >150 mg/dL (>1.7 mmol/L) and/or high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was <40 mg/dL (<1.03 mmol/L) or the health questionnaire indicated current lipid‐lowering medications; (b) DM+ with visceral adiposity (VA+), DM+ without visceral adiposity (VA−), without diabetes (DM−) with visceral adiposity (VA+) and DM− VA−; (c) DM+ with hypertension (HT+), DM+ without hypertension (HT–), DM− HT+ and DM− HT−; and (d) DM+ with dyslipidemia (DL+), DM+ without dyslipidemia (DL−), DM− DL+ and DM− DL−. HT was diagnosed if peripheral blood pressure was…

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  Figure 2. The predictive ability of diabetes (DM) and other traditional risk factors for the presence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis calculating the area under the curve (AUC) and standard error (SE). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed the predictive values for established fQRS and risk factors. Traditional risk factors included age, gender, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking. Hypertension was diagnosed if peripheral blood pressure was ≥140/90 mmHg, or if the health questionnaire indicated current antihypertensive medications. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed if total cholesterol levels were ≥220 mg/dL or low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ≥140 mg/dL or high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels <40 mg/dL levels or fasting triglyceride levels >150 mg/dL or if the health questionnaire indicated current medications for dyslipidemia. Smoking was applied to current smokers. (a) Red line represents diabetes and traditional risk factors (AUC 0.72); the green line metabolic syndrome (MetS) and traditional risk factors (AUC 0.68); and the blue line is traditional risk factors only (AUC 0.66). (b)…