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Integrated Communication and Navigation (ICAN) has emerged as a crucial technology for embedding navigation functions into 6G satellite internet waveforms. However, the effective ICAN poses challenges for ICAN-enabled Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Existing methods struggle to balance the requirements of communication and navigation within a single waveform and fail to adequately address the high-dynamic scenarios of LEO satellites. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based ICAN signal scheme. Leveraging the symmetry of the pilot cross-ambiguity function, it enables precise joint time-frequency channel estimation. Firstly, by directly utilizing the intermediate results of communication, it achieves the delay and Doppler estimation limits while ensuring communication performance. Secondly, an analytical solution for the delay and Doppler estimation error is derived, allowing the direct determination of the minimum pilot allocation under any given accuracy requirements, effectively balancing the trade-off between communication and navigation. Thirdly, field results from an ICAN-enabled LEO satellite (altitude 1100 km) show that the delay and Doppler estimation accuracy can be controlled within 10 cm and 12 Hz under a pilot ratio of 0.089, respectively, with an approximate 58.34% accuracy and 10-15 dB Carrier-to-Noise Ratio improvement over that of traditional Global Navigation Satellite System. These findings offer valuable insights and practical references for the design and implementation of ICAN-enabled LEO satellites.
Liu et al. (Wed,) studied this question.