The gut-bone axis: impact of diet on gut microbiome and osteoporosis

Abstract Osteoporosis, a global health challenge characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk, is closely linked to interactions between dietary patterns and gut microbiota (GM). Recent advances in GM research highlight the gut-bone axis as a pivotal focus in osteoporosis studies, revealing that variations in dietary habits and nutrient intake differentially modulate GM composition and metabolic activity, thereby influencing skeletal health. This review synthesizes current evidence on the interplay between dietary practices, GM, and bone health, aiming to identify preventive and therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis management. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of dietary interventions targeting GM modulation as a novel therapeutic approach, advocating for personalized nutritional strategies to improve skeletal health in high-risk populations.