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Introduction Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and MRI acquisition time should be reduced. The current study aimed to identify which Pix2Pix-based super-resolution images can reduce errors associated with brain anatomical analysis with diffeomorphic deformation examination and MRI acquisition time. Methods Fifty patients with dementia who uderwent scanning using a 3-T MRI scanner in the OASIS-3 database were used to construct a super-resolution network. Network training was performed using a scaled image (64 × 64) down-sampled from the original image as the input image and paired with the original high-resolution (256 × 256) supervised image. The hippocampal volume was measured using brain anatomical analysis with diffeomorphic deformation software, which employs machine learning algorithms and performs voxel-based morphometry. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and Multiscale structural similarity (MS-SSIM) score were used to objectively evaluate the generated images. Results At λ = e 3 , the PSNR and MS-SSIM score of the generated images were 27.91 ± 1.78 dB and 0.96 ± 0.0045, respectively. This finding indicated that the generated images had the highest objective evaluation. Using the images generated at λ = e 4 , the left and right hippocampal volumes did not significantly differ between the original and generated super-resolution images ( p = 0.76, p = 0.19, respectively). Discussion With super-resolution using the Pix2Pix network, the hippocampal volume can be accurately measured, and the MRI acquisition time can be reduced. The proposed method does not require special hardware and can be applied to previous images.
Yoshida et al. (Tue,) studied this question.