A technique for the design of 180 degrees lumped-element hybrids is described which yields electrical performance comparable to the transmission line version but takes up significantly smaller area of GaAs. Broader bandwidth can be obtained by cascading two lumped-element sections. This technique is applicable to other distributed devices such as the 90 degrees branch-line hybrid and the Wilkinson power divider. The layout of an actual hybrid designed for a center frequency of 7.95 GHz is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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S.J. Parisi (2003) studied this question.