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The review analyzes the present-day notions on the processes of formation of biofilms, both attached to biotic or abiotic surfaces and developing in the liquid due to autoaggregation and coaggregation. The physicochemical phenomena occurring during microbial recognition of phase surface are described in detail. Components of the extracellular polymer matrix (EPM) are described, as well as the regulation of their formation, their structural role in biofilm architecture and protective role in the presence of biocidal agents (including antibiotics) and other unfavorable environmental factors. Approaches to control of biofilm formation are discussed. The newly proposed scheme of formation of microbial biofilms, consisting of three, rather than five stages, is analyzed.
Плакунов et al. (Tue,) studied this question.