High- <tex-math notation="TeX">Tc</tex-math> SQUID vs. Low- <tex-math notation="TeX">Tc</tex-math> SQUID-Based Recordings on a Head Phantom: Benchmarking for Magnetoencephalography

We explore the potential that high critical-temperature (high-T c ) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) technology has for magnetic recordings of brain activity, i.e., magnetoencephalography (MEG). To this end, we performed series of benchmarking experiments to directly compare recordings with a commercial (low-T c SQUID-based) 306-channel MEG system (Elekta Neuromag TRIUX, courtesy of NatMEG) and a single channel high-T c SQUID system. The source on which we recorded is a head phantom including 32 artificial current dipoles housed inside a half-spherical shell (courtesy Elekta Oy) for calibrating MEG systems. The high-T c SQUID magnetometer consisted of a single layer YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x (YBCO) film on a 10 mm × 10 mm bicrystal substrate with a magnetic field sensitivity of ~40 fT/√Hz down to 10 Hz. We recorded serial activations eight tangential current dipoles located at different depths from the surface of the head phantom. Results indicate that our individual high-T c SQUID demonstrated signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) about 7-14 times lower than that of similarly-positioned low-T c SQUIDs in a commercial MEG system. Only considering single-channel SNR, high-T c SQUIDs with resolution better than fT/√Hz would be required to outperform the low-T c system for shallow dipole sources. This work demonstrates a proof of principle study for future multichannel high-T c MEG system development.