Key result
Detailed cardiac anatomical landmark knowledge improves the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation.
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Understanding detailed cardiac anatomy and its variations is crucial for electrophysiologists to perform safe and effective catheter ablation procedures.
The establishment of radiofrequency catheter ablation techniques as the mainstay in the treatment of tachycardia has renewed new interest in cardiac anatomy. The interventional arrhythmologist has drawn attention not only to the gross anatomic details of the heart but also to architectural and histological characteristics of various cardiac regions that are relevant to the development or recurrence of tachyarrhythmias and procedural related complications of catheter ablation. In this review, therefore, we discuss some anatomic landmarks commonly used in catheter ablations including the terminal crest, sinus node region, Koch's triangle, cavotricuspid isthmus, Eustachian ridge and valve, pulmonary venous orifices, venoatrial junctions, and ventricular outflow tracts. We also discuss the anatomical features of important structures in the vicinity of the atria and pulmonary veins, such as the esophagus and phrenic nerves. This paper provides basic anatomic information to improve understanding of the mapping and ablative procedures for cardiac interventional electrophysiologists.
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Sánchez‐Quintana et al. (2015) conducted a review in Cardiac arrhythmias. Cardiac anatomy was evaluated. Detailed knowledge of cardiac anatomical landmarks, such as Koch's triangle and pulmonary venous orifices, improves the safety and efficacy of mapping and ablative procedures.
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