E.W. Dijkstra [1] presented an algorithm whereby N mainly independent computers, with a common data store as their sole means of communication, could contend for exclusive control of any given resource (storage, I/O, etc.). To use the resource, a computer had to gain access to the “critical section” of the algorithm, within which one and only one computer at a time could be executing.
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Eisenberg et al. (1972) studied this question.
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