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The recently developed Lindblad approach for quantum dynamics of an open system with linear dissipation has been extended to a model of nonlinear coupling. The coupling term Hᵢ=∑ₖCₖf(x)qₖ is an arbitrary function of the system coordinate, but remains to be linear in bath coordinates. A Lindblad master equation and its associated stochastic differential equation have been obtained. To study dissipative surface dynamics, a general form of $f(x)$ has been proposed. It is shown that such a nonlinear-coupling model is crucial to qualitatively describe gas-surface dynamics, when a gas molecule impinging or leaving a surface goes beyond the linear-coupling regime.
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Shiwu Gao (1999) studied this question.
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