Parent participation: a concept analysis

Parent participation has become a central tenet of paediatric nursing in the United Kingdom. The purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning of parent participation, to clarify the concept to benefit children and their families, and to increase understanding among practitioners. The concept analysis utilized was directed by Rodgers' "evolutionary approach' that views concept development as an ongoing dynamic process. A review of British literature and research studies indicated that parent participation is a complex and multi-dimensional concept. In the evolution of parent participation, the terminology changed from "parental involvement' to "partnership in care', to "care-by-parent' and finally to "family-centred care'. The analysis reveals a lack of coherence in the descriptions, with the terminology changing but the underlying theme remaining parent participation. Parent participation can be conceptualized as a composite of attributes that relate to the family, the nurse and their relationships. Those attributes include: negotiation, control, willingness, competence and autonomy. The concept of family-centred care is gradually assuming importance in the literature. This acknowledgement of the family is long overdue. However the concept remains poorly defined and urgent clarification is needed in this area. To adopt a family-centred care approach, a radical paradigm shift is required.