Cardiac troponin biosensors: where are we now?

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death among the cardiovascular diseases. Of several biomarkers used for detection, increased levels of cardiac troponins have proved to be significant in diagnosing AMI. This has motivated researchers in the field to develop point-of-care biosensors for rapid detection of an episode of AMI. Over the years, various detection techniques have emerged for the estimation of cardiac troponins. This review focuses on summarizing various biosensing methods, including optical, electrochemical, and acoustic techniques, for the detection of cardiac troponins.