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Results are presented on the atomic structure of gold (110) surfaces obtained by high-resolution electron microscopy. When covered by carbon, the 11 surface without surface relaxations is stable. Without carbon, a rough 21 reconstruction occurs with the missing-row structure, a 20%5% outer-atom expansion and a 10% occupancy of atoms displaced outwards by 40%20% down the channels. Local regions of 11 surface also exhibit a 10%5% expansion of the outermost atoms.
Laurence D. Marks (Mon,) studied this question.