Key result
Sustained inspiratory threshold loading reduced the slope of diaphragm twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure compared to single-breath loading, suggesting motor reorganization compatible with diaphragm sparing.
Why the study?
Does sustained inspiratory threshold loading alter phrenic motoneuron recruitment compared to single-breath loading in healthy subjects?
Observational (n=14)
No
Does sustained inspiratory threshold loading alter phrenic motoneuron recruitment compared to single-breath loading in healthy subjects?
Sustained inspiratory threshold loading alters phrenic motoneuron recruitment compared to single-breath loading, suggesting motor reorganization compatible with diaphragm sparing.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Hypothesis-generating for diaphragm sparing via motoneuron reorganization in healthy subjects; leaves open relevance to clinical respiratory loading.
In humans, inspiratory constraints engage cortical networks involving the supplementary motor area. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) shows that the spread and intensity of the corresponding respiratory-related cortical activation dramatically decrease when a discrete load becomes sustained. This has been interpreted as reflecting motor cortical reorganisation and automatisation, but could proceed from sensory and/or affective habituation. To corroborate the existence of motor reorganisation between single-breath and sustained inspiratory loading (namely changes in motor neurones recruitment), we conducted a diaphragm twitch interpolation study based on the hypothesis that motor reorganisation should result in changes in the twitch interpolation slope. Fourteen healthy subjects (age: 21 – 40 years) were studied. Bilateral phrenic stimulation was delivered at rest, upon prepared and targeted voluntary inspiratory efforts ("vol"), upon unprepared inspiratory efforts against a single-breath inspiratory threshold load ("single-breath"), and upon sustained inspiratory efforts against the same type of load ("continuous"). The slope of the relationship between diaphragm twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure and the underlying transdiaphragmatic pressure was –1.1 ± 0.2 during "vol", –1.5 ± 0.7 during "single-breath", and -0.6 ± 0.4 during "continuous" (all slopes expressed in percent of baseline.percent of baseline-1) all comparisons significant at the 5% level). The contribution of the diaphragm to inspiration, as assessed by the gastric pressure to transdiaphragmatic pressure ratio, was 31 ± 17 % during "vol", 22 ± 16 % during "single-breath" (p=0.13), and 19 ± 9 % during "continuous" (p = 0.0015 vs. "vol"). This study shows that the relationship between the amplitude of the transdiaphragmatic pressure produced by a diaphragm twitch and its counterpart produced by the underlying diaphragm contraction is not unequivocal. If twitch interpolation is interpreted as reflecting motoneuron recruitment, this study supports motor reorganisation compatible with "diaphragm sparing" when an inspiratory threshold load becomes sustained
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Raux et al. (2016) conducted an observational in Healthy subjects (n=14). Sustained inspiratory threshold loading vs. Single-breath inspiratory threshold loading was evaluated on Slope of the relationship between diaphragm twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure and underlying transdiaphragmatic pressure (percent of baseline.percent of baseline^-1) (p=<0.05). Sustained inspiratory threshold loading reduced the slope of diaphragm twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure compared to single-breath loading, suggesting motor reorganization compatible with diaphragm sparing.
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