Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
The oldest anatomically preserved and physiologically apparently independent gametophytes are described from the Lower Devonian of Scotland. These gametophytes have upright, leafless axes with terminally borne, bowl-shaped game-tangiophores. The antheridia are stalked and their walls are multicellular. The archegonia are clustered in groups on common bases.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Remy et al. (1980) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: