Unlocking sustainability potential: A SAFA framework analysis of sugarcane agriculture in Marathwada, Maharashtra, India

This research article investigates the triple bottom line sustainability of sugarcane cultivation in the Marathawada region of Maharashtra, India, focusing on economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The study utilizes the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) framework, emphasizing the importance of incorporating locally relevant indicators. The research is conducted in the command areas of the Jayakawadi Dam, a crucial water source for agriculture in the semi-arid climate of Marathawada. The investigation addresses the challenges faced by sugarcane farmers, including high input costs and low cane prices, against the backdrop of a region prone to drought and acute water shortages. The study employs a stratified sampling approach in Ahmednagar and Aurangabad districts, considering factors such as water availability, soil conditions, socioeconomic status, and the presence of sugarcane mills. The assessment, conducted at the farm level using SAFA, reveals insights into the governance, economic resilience, and environmental integrity dimensions. Findings indicate areas of strength, such as safety nets (77 %), liquidity (74 %), and profitability (85 %), while also highlighting weaknesses, particularly in environmental practices like water pollution prevention (23 %) and renewable material usage (30 %). The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, including awareness programs, infrastructure development, and local policy adjustments. In conclusion, the research suggests potential strategies for improving sustainability, such as reduced dependency on external resources, promotion of environmentally-friendly practices, and enhanced community participation. The study contributes to the understanding of sustainable agriculture in semi-arid regions, providing valuable insights for policymakers, agricultural extension services, and development organizations aiming to foster sustainable practices in sugarcane cultivation.