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A dynamic model considering hysteresis effect and polarization effect and based on tests and parameter estimation is proposed to describe the dynamic characteristics of NiMH battery pack on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with high precision. With the dynamic model, state-of-charge (SOC) estimation method is derived based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Simulation results over different tests show that the dynamic model can simulate the output characteristics of NiMH battery pack more accurately and the SOC estimation method based on the model is adaptive for HEV.
Li et al. (Sun,) studied this question.