This article presents a theoretical model of the treatment utilization process which assumes that individual predisposing factors, perceptions and beliefs, personal enabling traits, social enabling characteristics, and structural features of treatment services all affect the alcoholic's ability to secure and propensity to use services. This theoretical model is used to describe characteristics of women alcoholics and the treatment delivery system that may serve as barriers to treatment for women. Results of a study of the structural characteristics of 53 alcoholism treatment facilities in two California counties showed women congregate in agencies that hire more professionals, provide treatment for children, and provide after‐care services.
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Beckman et al. (1982) studied this question.