Effects of soil cover practices on soil health and agroecological functions

The application of cover crops and mulching represents regenerative agriculture practices. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of relevant scientific studies that have examined their effects on soil health and associated agroecological functions. The analyzed results focus on changes in chemical, physical, and biological indicators. The analysis of the selected studies shows that long-term application of cover crops and mulches consistently contributes to an increase in soil organic matter content. Research results indicate improvements in aggregate stability, reductions in soil compaction, and increased water infiltration. Organic matter emerges as a central indicator through which soil cover practices indirectly improve physical structure, water regime, and biological activity of the soil. In addition, the positive effects of these regenerative practices are reflected in enhanced microbial activity, as well as increased diversity and functional structure of soil organisms. The combination of cover crops with other regenerative practices, such as reduced tillage or livestock integration, further enhances biological activity and accelerates nutrient cycling.