Polysaccharides from Asparagus officinalis L.: phytochemistry, health benefits, biomedical, and food industry applications

Asparagus officinalis L. ( A. officinalis ) is a highly representative plant in the Asparagus L. genus, with both edible and medicinal values. As a typical macromolecular metabolite in A. officinalis , A. officinalis L. polysaccharides (AOPs) have attracted much attention due to its rich functional biopolymer properties. AOPs have been proven to have cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects, immune regulation, and regulation of intestinal flora, anti-neuritis, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-non-alcoholic liver disease, and other health benefits. Among them, regulation of intestinal flora is the most important health benefit of AOPs. In addition, researchers have developed corresponding drug formulations based on their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and pro-apoptotic effects in practical applications. Through a review of previous studies, researchers have found that plant residues extracted from A. officinalis can be developed into high-value cellulose nanocrystals. This also provides a valuable reference for the reuse of other natural plant waste. In this study, we summarize and review research on AOPs’ phytochemical structures, biomedical, and industrial applications, based on the latest research findings and practical considerations.